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title: Social Structures and their Threats to Moral Agency
created: 2022-10-04T16:54:01+00:00
modified: 2022-10-21T05:29:37+00:00
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abstract description: Imagine first the case of J (who might be anybody, jemand). J used to inhabit a social order, or rather an area within a social order, where socially approved roles were unusually well-defined. Responsibilities were allocated to each such role and each sphere of role-structured activity was clearly demarcated. These allocations and demarcations were embodied in and partly constituted by the expectations that others had learned to have of those who occupied each such role. For those who occupied those roles to disappoint those expectations by failing to discharge their assigned responsibilities was to invite severe disapproval and other sanctions. To refuse to find one's place within the hierarchies of approved roles, or to have been refused a place, because judged unfit for any such role, was to be classified as socially deviant and irresponsible.The key moral concepts that education had inculcated into J were concepts of duty and responsibility. His fundamental moral beliefs were that each of us owes it to others to perform her or his assigned duties and to discharge her or his assigned responsibilities. A good human being performs those duties, discharges those responsibilities, and does not trespass into areas that are not her or his concern. A philosopher who comes across the likes of J will understand his attitudes as cultural parodies, in part of Plato (conceiving of justice as requiring ‘that each do her or his own work and not meddle with many things’ Republic 433a) and in part of Kant (doing one's duty just because it is one's duty and not for the sake of any further end), authors who had influenced J's school teachers. A sociologist will entertain the suspicion that in certain types of social order it may be only in the form of parodies that some types of concept can continue to find expression. But for the moment let us put this thought on one side and return to J.
author: MacIntyre, Alasdair
date: 1999
in publication: Philosophy
volume: 74
issue: 3
pages: 311-329
resource type: Research/Scholarly Media
status: Published Text
genre: Theoretical
language: en
open access: Yes
peer: Yes
issn: 1469-817X, 0031-8191
doi: S0031819199000431
url: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/philosophy/article/social-structures-and-their-threats-to-moral-agency/AA148BAB8E18D78A2C21D7521DA53D6B
apa: MacIntyre, A. (1999). Social Structures and their Threats to Moral Agency. Philosophy, 74(3), 311–329. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819199000431
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year: 1999
date added: 10/4/2022 15:52
date modified: 10/4/2022 15:52
date accessed: 10/4/2022 15:52
catalog: Cambridge University Press
extra: Publisher: Cambridge University Press
attach file: C:\Users\huynh\Zotero\storage\BZ4SIRQG\MacIntyre - 1999 - Social Structures and their Threats to Moral Agenc.pdf

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